flammbeskyttelse

Flammbeskyttelse refers to measures and technologies designed to prevent, slow, or control the spread of fire and protect lives, property, and infrastructure. It encompasses both passive and active strategies, as well as materials that resist or retard combustion.

Passive fire protection includes fire-resistive constructions such as fire-rated walls, floors, and doors, as well as intumescent coatings, fire-stopping, and mineral-based insulation. Active fire protection covers automatic sprinklers, alarms, gas suppression, and smoke control systems that respond during a fire.

Flame retardants are chemicals applied to materials to reduce flammability or delay ignition. They are used in textiles, electronics, plastics, and building products, with various chemistries including mineral, phosphorus-based, and halogen-free options. Their use is guided by standards and regulations due to concerns about toxicity and environmental impact.

Standards and testing: fire performance is evaluated with standards such as EN 13501-1 for European classifications, NFPA 13/NFPA 701, UL 94, and ISO test methods. In some sectors like construction and rail, specific regulations (e.g., CPR in the EU, EN 45545 for rail) apply, requiring product labeling and conformity assessment.

The goal is to balance effectiveness, safety, cost, and sustainability. Implementation considerations include the compatibility of materials, aging effects, maintenance, and avoiding harmful byproducts. Ongoing research focuses on eco-friendly flame retardants and advanced coatings.