filtraní

Filtraní is a term that appears in multilingual technical usage and generally denotes the process of filtration—the separation of solids from liquids or gases through a porous medium. In many languages the precise noun for filtration differs (for example filtración in Spanish), so filtraní is often encountered as a regional or informal variant rather than a standardized term. In English-language contexts the concept is usually described simply as filtration.

Principles and types: Filtration relies on pore size, pressure, and sometimes adsorption. Mechanical or depth filtration uses a porous medium to capture particles; membrane filtration employs a selective barrier and yields classifications such as microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis. Filtration can be driven by gravity, pressure, vacuum, or centrifugal force, and may involve single-pass or continuous operation.

Applications: Filtration is central to water and wastewater treatment, food and beverage production, pharmaceutical and biotech processes, and industrial chemical processing. It is also used for air and gas purification, laboratory sample preparation, and consumer products such as coffee filters and air purifiers.

Design and challenges: Key considerations include pore size or molecular weight cut-off, media material, flow rate, transmembrane pressure, and fouling. Fouling reduces efficiency and increases energy use and maintenance needs. Proper pretreatment, materials compatibility, sanitation, and routine cleaning-in-place are important. Environmental and safety aspects include handling spent filters and managing concentrate streams.