falangist

A Falangist is a member of the Falange Española, a Spanish political organization founded in 1933 by Jose Antonio Primo de Rivera. The movement promoted a nationalist, corporatist, one-party state and sought to fuse Spanish nationalism with syndicalist ideas. The name falange comes from the Spanish for "phalanx" and became a symbol of the organization, which used the yoke and arrows as its emblem.

Ideology: Falangism combined ultranationalism, Catholic traditionalism, anti-liberalism, and anti-communism with a corporatist economic model. It emphasized discipline, militarism, and the subordination of individual rights to the nation. It advocated centralized authority, suppression of regional autonomies, and a planned economy organized through corporate chambers.

History: The Falange gained influence during the Second Spanish Republic and participated on the Nationalist side in the Spanish Civil War. Jose Antonio Primo de Rivera was executed in 1936. In 1937 the Falange Española de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista merged with the Carlist movement to form the single-party regime's Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista (FET y de las JONS). Under Franco, the Falangist party was incorporated into the state apparatus and remained a dominant element of the regime until the transition to democracy in the late 1970s.

Legacy: After the end of Francoism, the term falangist is used to describe adherents of Falangist ideology, often as part of far-right currents. The movement left a legacy in symbolism, especially the yoke and arrows, and in the form of political organizations that continued to promote nationalist and corporatist ideas.