fairways

Fairways are the mowed playing surface on a golf course that lies between the tee and the green. They are designed to provide a surface with predictable ball roll and distance control, making approach shots easier than from the rough. The fairway is typically distinguished from the rough by a lower mowing height and smoother turf; width and shape vary widely by hole and course, with some fairways straight and wide and others tight or undulating with doglegs. Hazards such as bunkers and water often flank fairways to influence shot choice and risk.

Grass and maintenance: Fairways are usually planted with warm-season grasses such as Bermuda or zoysia in warmer climates, and cool-season grasses such as bentgrass or fescue in temperate regions. They are mowed frequently during the growing season to maintain a uniform height that promotes roll. Regular irrigation, aeration, and fertilization help sustain surface quality.

Gameplay and design: A ball on the fairway is generally easier to play than one in the rough, fringe, or hazards, and players aim to keep drives and lay-up shots there to shorten the next shot. Fairway bunkers and other hazards are used to challenge accuracy and decision-making. The concept evolved as courses developed landing areas designed for strategy and ball control, and today fairways are a central element of course architecture, affecting risk, scoring, and playability.