extrinsik

Extrinsik is an adjective used in Indonesian and some other languages to denote origin outside of an object or influence from external factors. It serves as the counterpart to intrinsik (intrinsic). The term is commonly employed in academic writing to distinguish external sources of influence, value, or causation from those that are inherent. Etymologically, extrinsik derives from the English extrinsic, which in turn comes from Latin extrinsecus.

In psychology, extrinsik motivation refers to behavior driven by external rewards or pressures, such as grades, money, or social approval, rather than by internal satisfaction. Extrinsik motivators can be effective for directing effort and learning in the short term, but they may affect intrinsic interest over time if rewards become overly prominent or expected.

In ethics and philosophy, extrinsik value or properties are those that depend on factors outside the object itself, such as usefulness, social consequences, or relational context. This contrasts with intrinsic value or properties, which are considered valuable in themselves regardless of external outcomes. Discussions of extrinsik versus intrinsic value appear across aesthetics, moral philosophy, and value theory.

Outside of psychology and philosophy, extrinsik is also used to describe influences from the surrounding environment, external conditions, or external explanations that are not inherent to a system or subject. The term appears in interdisciplinary contexts where external factors play a significant role in shaping outcomes or interpretations.

See also: intrinsic, extrinsic, motivation, value theory, external factors.