etodolac

Etodolac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to relieve pain and inflammation associated with conditions such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, as well as for short-term management of acute pain. It is taken by mouth and is marketed in several countries, including under the brand name Lodine. Like other NSAIDs, etodolac reduces prostaglandin production to alleviate symptoms.

Etodolac inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes COX-1 and COX-2, with a relative preference for COX-2. This COX-2–preferential activity provides anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects with a lower, but not absent, risk of gastrointestinal irritation compared with nonselective NSAIDs.

Etodolac is absorbed after oral administration, with onset of pain relief typically within one to two hours. Peak plasma levels occur within one to three hours, and the elimination half-life is about six to eight hours. It is metabolized in the liver and excreted in urine and bile. Dosing is individualized; common regimens use 300 to 600 mg every six to eight hours, adjusted for response and tolerability; the maximum daily dose is specified on product labeling.

Common adverse effects include gastrointestinal upset, dyspepsia, nausea, and abdominal pain. More serious risks include gastrointestinal ulcers or bleeding, kidney impairment, and cardiovascular events. Etodolac should be avoided in individuals with active peptic ulcers, significant hepatic or renal disease, or a history of NSAID-induced asthma or hypersensitivity. It is generally avoided in late pregnancy.