eradicasi

Eradicasi is the process or outcome of eliminating a disease, pest, or other health problem to zero worldwide incidence, so that no new cases occur and ongoing interventions are no longer required. In health literature, eradication denotes a permanent global reduction to zero cases, while elimination refers to zero incidence in a defined geographical area with continued measures to prevent reintroduction. Eradicasi is distinct from kontrol, which aims to reduce the burden of a disease but does not achieve complete elimination.

The effort to achieve eradikasi involves assessing feasibility, securing political will and funding, and implementing a combination of interventions. Core components include vaccination or treatment where available, vector control or environmental management, robust surveillance systems, rapid case detection and response, and community engagement and education. Verification and certification by international bodies, typically the World Health Organization, are required to declare eradikasi complete.

Examples and scope vary by disease. Smallpox is the only human disease worldwide eradicated, certified in 1980 after a global vaccination and surveillance campaign. Polio eradication efforts have dramatically reduced cases but have not yet achieved global elimination. Malaria eradikasi remains a long-term objective, with regional elimination successes but no universal eradication; strategies emphasize bed nets, insecticides, prompt treatment, and epidemiological surveillance. In Indonesia, the term eradicasi is used in public health to describe national campaigns aimed at eliminating specific diseases or pests, often through integrated disease control programs.

Challenges to eradikasi include risk of reintroduction, pathogen or vector resistance, funding gaps, logistical constraints, and cross-border coordination.