epigrams

An epigram is a brief, witty, and pointed poem or saying. The term comes from the Greek epigramma, meaning "an inscription," from epi "upon" plus gramma "a line" or "written thing." The form originally described inscriptions and later came to signify a compact, polished piece of verse or prose that makes a sharp or memorable observation.

In ancient Greece, epigrams began as short inscriptions on monuments, public monuments, and tombstones. They evolved into a literary genre through the Hellenistic period, characterized by concision, wit, and often a surprising twist. The Greek anthology tradition, associated with poets such as Meleager of Gadara, helped codify the epigram as a compact, stand-alone piece. In Latin, epigrams were frequently written in elegiac couplets (distichs), and the prolific Martial (1st century CE) is one of the best-known practitioners, shaping later European practice.

As a form, epigrams favor brevity, sharp observation, and often irony or paradox. They may function as inscriptions or as miniature poems or prose aphorisms. Over time, the genre spread beyond classical languages into medieval and early modern Latin and vernacular literature. In English and other modern languages, epigrams broadened to include a wide range of short, witty statements and poems. Notable English-language practitioners include Oscar Wilde and Dorothy Parker, whose epigrammatic lines remain influential.

Today, epigram generally denotes a short, polished remark or poem that delivers a pointed, often humorous insight. The form persists in literary anthologies, quotation collections, and contemporary writing as a compact vehicle for wit, critique, and truth in few words.