enterobaktérium

Enterobacteriaceae is a large family of Gram-negative bacteria. They are rod-shaped and facultative anaerobes, meaning they can survive in both oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor environments. This family is incredibly diverse and includes many common and medically significant genera.

Members of the Enterobacteriaceae family are commonly found in the intestines of humans and animals, as well as in soil and water. They play a role in various ecological processes, including nutrient cycling. However, some species are opportunistic pathogens, capable of causing infections in humans, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems.

Common genera within this family include Escherichia, Salmonella, Shigella, Klebsiella, and Proteus. Escherichia coli, for example, is a well-known inhabitant of the gut, with most strains being harmless commensals. However, certain strains can cause foodborne illnesses and urinary tract infections. Salmonella species are notorious for causing salmonellosis, a type of food poisoning. Shigella is the primary cause of shigellosis, a severe form of dysentery.

The identification and classification of Enterobacteriaceae are crucial in clinical microbiology for diagnosing and treating bacterial infections. They are often identified using biochemical tests and molecular methods. Antibiotic resistance is a growing concern within this family, with some strains exhibiting resistance to multiple drugs, making treatment challenging.