endozoochorous

Endozoochory is a method of seed dispersal where seeds are physically ingested by an animal and then defecated in a new location. This process is a significant mechanism for seed dispersal for many plant species, particularly those with fleshy fruits. The animal consumes the fruit, and the seeds pass through its digestive tract unharmed. As the animal moves, it deposits the seeds, often along with a nutrient-rich form of fertilizer, in a location potentially far from the parent plant.

The effectiveness of endozoochory depends on several factors, including the animal's diet, its mobility, and the seed's ability to survive passage through the digestive system. Some seeds may even have their germination enhanced by the passage through an animal's gut, which can scarify the seed coat or provide necessary chemical stimulants. Common endozoochorous dispersers include birds, mammals such as primates and rodents, and even some reptiles. The specific plant-animal interactions vary widely across different ecosystems, contributing to the biodiversity and ecological dynamics of those environments. This dispersal strategy helps plants colonize new habitats, avoid competition with their parent plants, and maintain genetic diversity through cross-pollination and dispersal to varied environments.