endometriumn

Endometrium, sometimes misspelled as endometriumn, is the mucous membrane that lines the interior of the uterus. It consists of two layers: a superficial functional layer that thickens and is shed during the menstrual cycle, and a deeper basal layer that remains to regenerate the lining. The endometrium receives blood from spiral arteries and responds to ovarian hormones. Estrogen stimulates proliferation of the functional layer in the first half of the cycle; after ovulation, progesterone induces secretory changes that prepare the lining for potential embryo implantation. If fertilization does not occur, the functional layer is shed during menstruation; if implantation occurs, the endometrium becomes part of the decidua to support pregnancy.

In reproductive health, the endometrium is central to menstruation, fertility, and pregnancy. Abnormal endometrial growth or function can lead to conditions such as endometrial hyperplasia, endometritis, or endometrial cancer. Diagnostic approaches include transvaginal ultrasound, saline infusion sonography, and sampling of endometrial tissue via endometrial biopsy. Treatments vary with condition and may include hormonal therapies to regulate the cycle, or surgical options in cases of heavy bleeding, hyperplasia, or cancer. Endometrial health can be influenced by factors such as age, body weight, insulin resistance, and estrogen exposure without adequate progesterone.

Note: The term “endometriumn” is not standard; the correct term is endometrium.