enchondrom

Enchondroma is a type of benign cartilage tumor that originates from the cartilage cells within the bone. It is one of the most common types of bone tumors, typically affecting individuals in their 20s to 40s. Enchondromas are usually found in the metaphysis, or the middle part of long bones, particularly in the hands and feet, but they can also occur in other bones such as the femur, humerus, and ribs.

The exact cause of enchondromas is not well understood, but they are believed to result from the abnormal growth of cartilage cells during bone development. They are usually asymptomatic and are often discovered incidentally during imaging studies for other conditions. However, some enchondromas can cause symptoms such as pain, swelling, or pathological fractures, especially if they are large or located in weight-bearing bones.

Enchondromas are typically diagnosed using imaging techniques such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs. On X-rays, they appear as well-defined, radiolucent lesions with a characteristic "popcorn" or "ring-and-arc" pattern of calcification. A biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis and rule out malignant tumors.

Treatment for enchondromas is usually not necessary unless they are causing symptoms or there is a risk of malignant transformation. In such cases, surgical excision is the preferred treatment option. The prognosis for enchondromas is generally excellent, with a low risk of recurrence or malignant transformation. Regular follow-up is recommended to monitor for any changes in the tumor.