elnyúlása

Elnyúlása is a Hungarian noun meaning elongation or lengthening. It refers to the process or result of increasing length and is used across several fields, including physics, biology and everyday language. The term derives from nyúl, “to stretch.”

In physics and engineering, elnyúlása describes how a material lengthens under axial tension. The change in length ΔL is proportional to the applied force, the original length, and the material’s properties (for a simple elastic model, ΔL ≈ F L0 /(A E)). The strain ε is defined as ΔL / L0, and percent elongation is (ΔL / L0) × 100. Elongation can be elastic (reversible when the load is removed) or plastic (permanent). Engineers also distinguish mechanical elongation from other length changes, such as thermal expansion.

Thermal effects can cause elongation as well, typically referred to as thermal expansion (hőtágulás in Hungarian). In many contexts, elnyúlása can be used generally to denote any length change, but technical texts usually separate mechanical elongation from temperature-induced changes.

In biology, elnyúlása often refers to growth in length, especially plant cell elongation. Plant cells lengthen when the cell wall loosens and water uptake increases, contributing to growth in stems and roots. Growth in animals and tissues can also involve elongation during development or following stretching.

In everyday language, nyújtás or elnyúlása is used for stretching exercises, fabric or rope elongation, and metaphorically for the extension of time or deadlines, with context clarifying the intended meaning.