ecosystemincluding
The phrase ecosystemincluding is not a standard term in ecology. It is sometimes used to describe an approach that emphasizes an inclusive view of ecosystems, explicitly including all components and interactions within and surrounding an ecosystem, rather than focusing solely on biotic components. The term highlights the integration of ecological, social, and governance dimensions.
The concept encompasses a range of components, including biotic factors (plants, animals, microorganisms), abiotic factors (water,
Methods associated with ecosystemincluding emphasize holistic assessment and integration. This includes evaluating ecosystem structure and function,
Applications of an ecosystemincluding approach appear in planning and conservation, restoration, urban design, climate adaptation, natural-resource
Challenges include definitional ambiguity, data gaps, and difficulties valuing non-market services. Balancing trade-offs, reconciling cultural and