echorelated

Echorelated is an umbrella term used to describe phenomena, measurements, and techniques concerned with echoes in signals. An echo is a delayed replica of an original signal produced by reflection from surfaces or interfaces. Echo-related analysis examines the time delay, amplitude, and spectral changes of reflected components to infer properties of the environment, determine distances, or improve signal quality.

In acoustics and room design, echorelated measurements help characterize reverberation and reflections to design spaces with desired sound properties. In sonar, ultrasound imaging, and radar, echoes reveal object locations, tissue structures, and subsurface features, enabling mapping and diagnostics. In seismology, reflected seismic waves illuminate subsurface layers and stratigraphy.

Methods commonly used include impulse response measurement, cross-correlation, cepstrum analysis, time-domain reflectometry, and autocorrelation to extract delay, amplitude, and frequency information. Echo cancellation and suppression employ adaptive filtering (for example, LMS or NLMS algorithms) to estimate the echo path and reduce its impact on communications.

Applications span architectural acoustics, medical imaging, underwater navigation, and remote sensing, where understanding or mitigating echoes improves interpretation and performance. Echo-related work is closely related to, but distinct from, echolocation and reverberation concepts, while sharing methods from signal processing.