echell

An echell is a rare and distinctive type of geological formation found in certain volcanic regions. The term originates from the French word *échelle*, meaning "ladder," due to its ladder-like appearance. These structures are typically composed of basaltic lava flows that have solidified in a way that creates a series of parallel, columnar joints resembling steps or rungs.

Echells are most commonly associated with shield volcanoes, particularly those formed by effusive eruptions where lava flows slowly and extensively. The formation process involves the cooling and contraction of lava, which creates polygonal fractures. Over time, wind and water erosion can further shape these fractures into the characteristic stepped appearance. Notable examples of echell formations can be found in regions like the Azores, Iceland, and parts of the Canary Islands.

While echells are visually striking, they are not as well-documented as other volcanic features like lava tubes or spatter cones. Their formation depends on specific volcanic and environmental conditions, making them relatively uncommon. Geologists study echells to better understand volcanic processes, particularly those related to lava flow dynamics and erosion patterns.

Unlike other volcanic landforms, echells are primarily of scientific interest rather than tourist or economic significance. Their study contributes to broader research in volcanology, helping to model lava behavior and predict future volcanic activity. The term "echell" is not widely used outside specialized geological literature, as it remains a niche concept within the field.