earthball

Earthball is a common name for several species of fungi in the genus Scleroderma, within the family Sclerodermataceae. These fungi produce large, hard, spherical fruit bodies that grow in soil or leaf litter and are distinct from edible puffballs due to their thick rind and dense interior.

The outer rind, or peridium, is thick and tough, often mottled brown to olive or black. When the fruit body is cut open, the interior gleba is white at first but soon darkens to greenish, purple, brown, and finally black as spores mature. Unlike puffballs, earthballs are typically solid with a dense spore mass when mature.

Ecology and distribution: Scleroderma species are found in temperate regions worldwide, and many form ectomycorrhizal associations with trees such as oaks, pines, and other hardwoods, though some may be saprobic. They commonly fruit from late summer through autumn, especially after rainfall.

Toxicity and uses: Earthballs are not edible and can be poisonous. Ingesting them may cause severe gastrointestinal symptoms. Misidentification with edible puffballs is a common hazard, particularly for children collecting mushrooms.

Identification and notes: There are multiple species with similar appearances, so reliable identification can be challenging. Key distinguishing features include the thick rind and the dark, as opposed to white, interior at maturity. When in doubt, do not consume and seek expert identification.