doujinshi

Doujinshi are self-published works created by fans or small creator groups outside mainstream publishing. They are commonly associated with manga, anime, and video games. While many doujinshi are fan works based on existing series, some are original stories or standalone creations. The term comes from the Japanese words doujin (fellow participants, like-minded) and shi (publication).

Works are produced by circles, informal teams rather than formal studios, and distributed at events such as Comic Market (Comiket) in Tokyo, as well as at other conventions, specialty shops, and online platforms. Print runs are typically small, and titles range from short zines to longer booklets. The market supports both local exchanges and international purchases.

Content spans a wide spectrum, from light, non-commercial stories to mature or explicitly themed material. Because many titles are based on existing franchises, they are usually non-commercial or privately sold; however, copyright issues are complex and enforcement varies by jurisdiction. Some creators publish original works that do not reference existing properties.

Over time doujinshi have become an influential part of fan culture and a proving ground for creators, with some artists later entering the professional manga industry.