distillaationa
Distillation is a fundamental separation process used to purify liquids by exploiting differences in their boiling points. The method relies on the principle that components of a mixture vaporize at different temperatures, allowing for their separation and subsequent condensation into distinct fractions. Historically, distillation has been employed for millennia, with early applications in the production of alcoholic beverages, essential oils, and perfumes. Modern industries, including pharmaceuticals, petrochemicals, and food and beverage production, continue to rely on distillation for refining and purifying substances.
The basic distillation process involves heating a liquid mixture in a still, causing the more volatile components
Key components of a distillation setup include the heat source, still pot, fractionating column (if applicable),
Distillation is governed by Raoult’s Law and Dalton’s Law of partial pressures, which describe the behavior