displasie

Displasie, more commonly spelled dysplasia in English, is a medical term describing abnormal development of cells, tissues, or organs. It indicates that maturation or organization of tissue is atypical, which may affect function. Dysplasia can be present at birth (congenital) or develop later (acquired). It is a descriptor rather than a single disease, and many conditions fall under its umbrella.

Examples span several organ systems. Developmental dysplasia of the hip is a condition in infants where the hip joint does not form normally. Cervical dysplasia refers to abnormal cells on the cervix, usually detected through screening and may indicate elevated cancer risk if left untreated. Retinal dysplasia involves abnormal development of the retina, potentially impairing vision. Osseous dysplasias include fibrous dysplasia, where bone structure is replaced by fibrous tissue, leading to deformity or fracture.

Causes and risk factors include genetic mutations that disrupt normal development, environmental factors, injuries, or infections during critical periods. Dysplasia is distinct from cancer; however, some forms, such as cervical dysplasia, may progress to cancer if not monitored or treated.

Diagnosis typically involves physical examination, imaging (X-ray, MRI, ultrasound), endoscopy, or histological biopsy, depending on the affected tissue. Monitoring and grading help determine management.

Treatment is individualized and ranges from observation to medical or surgical intervention to correct structure, remove abnormal tissue, or support function. Prognosis varies widely, depending on the specific type and severity of the dysplasia and its progression risk.