dismissiveavoidant

Dismissive-avoidant attachment, or the dismissive-avoidant style, is one of the insecure attachment patterns described in attachment theory. It is defined by a tendency to maintain emotional distance and to prize independence over close relationships. In adults, this style is typically associated with high avoidance of emotional closeness and relatively low attachment anxiety, leading to a preference for self-sufficiency.

Traditionally, dismissive-avoidant patterns are thought to develop from early caregiving that discourages seeking closeness, such as rejection or inconsistency. In adulthood, individuals with this style often value autonomy, may downplay the importance of relationships, and may perceive closeness as potentially threatening to their independence. Some researchers distinguish a more extreme form, sometimes called dismissive-avoidant or avoidant-dismissing, from fearful-avoidant, which combines high avoidance with high anxiety.

In relationships, dismissive-avoidant individuals may appear self-reliant and emotionally reserved. They often limit emotional disclosure, withdraw when confronted with intimacy or distress, and may minimize or rationalize their attachment needs. They can struggle with trust and dependency, and may interpret closeness as a loss of control rather than support.

Assessment and implications: In adults, attachment avoidance is commonly measured with instruments such as the Experiences in Close Relationships questionnaire. The style has been linked to lower perceived relationship satisfaction and communication challenges, though individuals can adapt and shift along attachment dimensions over time.