dismissal

Dismissal refers to the termination of a process or relationship, most often used to describe the ending of an employment contract by an employer or the closing of a legal case in court.

In employment law, dismissal is the unilateral termination of an employee’s contract by the employer. Dismissals may be classified as fair or unfair depending on the reasons and procedures observed. Common fair reasons include misconduct, incapacity or persistent poor performance, redundancy due to business needs, or other legitimate business factors. Constructive dismissal occurs when the employer’s conduct breaches a term of the contract or makes continued employment intolerable, effectively forcing the employee to resign. Gross misconduct can justify summary dismissal, where no notice period is given.

Procedural protections vary by jurisdiction but typically include notice of termination or pay in lieu of notice, final wages, and an opportunity to respond or appeal the decision. Some systems require formal warnings, interviews, or a hearing before a dismissal is deemed fair, while others provide remedies or recourse for employees who believe they were unlawfully terminated.

In a court or tribunal context, dismissal also refers to ending a legal claim or defense. A case may be dismissed for procedural reasons, such as lack of jurisdiction or failure to state a claim, or for substantive reasons. A dismissal can be with prejudice, permanently barring further action on the claim, or without prejudice, allowing the claimant to refile under certain conditions.

Overall, dismissal denotes the removal from a position or the termination of litigation, with the context and consequences governed by applicable laws and contractual terms.