diferentsiaalkaitselüliti

A diferentsiaalkaitselüliti, often translated as residual current device (RCD) or ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI), is a safety device that detects and interrupts electrical current when it deviates from its intended path. This deviation, known as a residual current, often indicates that electricity is flowing through an unintended path, such as a person or a faulty appliance, posing a risk of electric shock or fire.

The principle of operation relies on comparing the current flowing into a circuit with the current flowing out of it. In a healthy circuit, these currents should be equal. If a difference is detected, it means some current is leaking, and the diferentsiaalkaitselüliti rapidly trips, disconnecting the power. This rapid disconnection is crucial for preventing serious injury or death from electric shock.

Diferentsiaalkaitselülitid are commonly installed in homes and workplaces, particularly in areas where water is present, such as kitchens, bathrooms, and outdoor outlets. They are vital for protecting against indirect contact, where a person touches a faulty appliance or a live part that has become energized due to a fault. By quickly breaking the circuit, they significantly reduce the duration and severity of any potential shock. They are a key component of modern electrical safety systems, complementing traditional circuit breakers and fuses which protect against overcurrents and short circuits.