dieselmotorns

The diesel engine, or dieselmotorn, is an internal combustion engine that uses compression ignition to burn fuel. Air is compressed to a high temperature, and diesel is injected directly into the cylinder where it self-ignites. This enables high compression ratios and efficient operation, with typical ranges from 14:1 to 25:1. Diesel fuel's energy density and lubricity contribute to strong torque and durability at low and mid speeds.

Rudolf Diesel developed the engine in the 1890s; the first working unit ran in 1897. Early designs powered stationary plants and ships, and light, robust construction made them attractive for commercial use. Through the 20th century, improvements in fuel injection, turbocharging, and electronics increased power, efficiency, and reliability.

Most contemporary diesels are four-stroke, with direct fuel injection. Two-stroke designs remain in some marine and stationary applications. Modern systems use high-pressure injection, often with common-rail or unit injectors, and turbochargers. Emission control and engine management have become central features in meeting standards.

Diesel engines are valued for high thermal efficiency and strong torque, especially at low speeds. They can run on a range of diesel fuels, including biodiesel, and are used in cars, trucks, buses, ships, and generators. They are typically heavier and noisier than gasoline engines and require regular maintenance.

Emissions controls include exhaust gas recirculation, diesel particulate filters, and selective catalytic reduction. Stricter emission standards drive ongoing research into low-NOx combustion, cleaner fuels, and advanced aftertreatment. Lifecycle considerations include fuel economy, durability, and energy density of diesel fuel.

Today diesel technology continues to evolve with hybrids, lightweight materials, and alternative fuels, while power and efficiency remain core advantages for heavy-duty transport and stationary power.