diastolica

Diastolica refers to diastole, the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle during which the heart chambers relax and fill with blood after systole. During diastole, the ventricles expand and the atrioventricular valves are open, allowing ventricular filling that sets the stage for the next contraction. Proper diastolic function is essential for maintaining adequate cardiac output, and it is influenced by myocardial relaxation, chamber stiffness, and loading conditions.

Diastolic blood pressure is the arterial pressure during diastole and is the lower number in a standard blood pressure reading. For example, in a reading of 120/80 mmHg, the diastolic pressure is 80 mmHg. Normal diastolic values typically range around 60 to 80 mmHg in healthy adults, though individual targets may vary with age and comorbidities. Persistent elevation of diastolic pressure is called diastolic hypertension and is associated with increased cardiovascular risk.

Diastolic dysfunction occurs when the ventricle has impaired relaxation and filling, often due to aging, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, or cardiomyopathy. This condition can contribute to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and may be evaluated with imaging techniques such as echocardiography, which assesses patterns of ventricular filling and relaxation.

Measurement and clinical relevance: Blood pressure is measured with a sphygmomanometer or automated device. The diastolic value is determined during cuff deflation; in auscultatory methods, it is associated with the disappearance of Korotkoff sounds (phase V). Clinically, abnormal diastolic values prompt assessment of cardiovascular risk and potential secondary causes, guiding management and treatment decisions.