diabeten

Diabeten is a chronic medical condition characterized by elevated blood glucose levels resulting from defects in insulin production, insulin action, or both. The term is sometimes used as an alternate form of diabetes mellitus in certain languages. The condition includes several forms, notably type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes results from autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, requiring lifelong insulin therapy. Type 2 diabetes involves insulin resistance and a progressive decline in insulin secretion and is managed with lifestyle changes, oral medications, and sometimes insulin. Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy and often resolves after delivery but increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes later for the mother and child.

Common symptoms include excessive thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, weight loss, and blurred vision. Diagnosis relies on plasma glucose measurements, such as fasting glucose, an oral glucose tolerance test, or A1C levels.

Management aims to keep blood glucose within target ranges and reduce complications, using regular monitoring, a balanced diet, physical activity, and individualized medications. Complications can be acute, including hypoglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis, and chronic, such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, cardiovascular disease, and foot ulcers.

Prevention centers on maintaining a healthy weight, physical activity, and diet; type 1 diabetes currently has no proven prevention. Prognosis depends on glycemic control and prevention of complications, while research continues toward better therapies and earlier detection of issues.