deskbased

Deskbased, often written as desk-based or deskbased, is an adjective describing work conducted primarily at a desk, relying on existing information rather than new field data collection. In research and professional practice, desk-based activities synthesize published sources, datasets, and archival material to answer questions, develop assessments, or inform decision-making.

In archaeology and cultural heritage, a desk-based assessment (DBA) evaluates the potential significance of a site using maps, historical records, aerial photographs, and prior evaluations to guide planning before fieldwork begins. In academic and policy contexts, desk-based reviews or desk studies compile and appraise literature, datasets, and reports to summarise evidence, identify knowledge gaps, and propose hypotheses. Methods typically include systematic search strategies, screening, data extraction, critical appraisal, and narrative or quantitative synthesis; where appropriate, GIS mapping or meta-analytic techniques may be employed.

Advantages of deskbased work include lower cost, faster turnaround, and the ability to cover large areas or restricted environments without field access. It can also inform risk assessment, policy development, and preliminary planning. Limitations include dependence on the quality and completeness of existing information, potential biases in published sources, and the possibility of missing current or unpublished data. Deskbased work cannot substitute for empirical verification in contexts where field or experimental data are essential, and it requires transparent methodology to ensure reproducibility.

Related terms include desk research, literature review, and desk-based assessment.