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Dehydration occurs when the body loses more fluid than it takes in, leading to a shortage of water necessary for normal bodily functions. This imbalance can be caused by a variety of factors, including insufficient fluid intake, excessive sweating due to heat or exercise, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, and certain medical conditions like diabetes.

Symptoms of dehydration can range from mild to severe. Mild dehydration may present as thirst, dry mouth, reduced urine output, and fatigue. As dehydration progresses, symptoms can become more serious, including dizziness, confusion, rapid heartbeat, sunken eyes, and even loss of consciousness. Infants and the elderly are particularly vulnerable to dehydration due to their body composition and physiological responses.

Preventing dehydration primarily involves maintaining adequate fluid intake throughout the day. Water is the best choice, but other fluids like juices, broths, and electrolyte-rich beverages can also contribute. During periods of increased fluid loss, such as strenuous physical activity or illness, it is crucial to increase fluid consumption accordingly. Promptly addressing the underlying cause of fluid loss, like treating diarrhea or vomiting, is also essential.

Treatment for dehydration depends on its severity. Mild cases can often be managed by gradually drinking fluids. For more severe dehydration, medical intervention may be necessary, which could include intravenous fluid administration to rapidly restore hydration levels. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of dehydration and taking appropriate preventive measures are key to maintaining overall health.