dermatófilos

Dermatófilos is a genus of Gram-positive, filamentous bacteria belonging to the order Actinomycetales. These bacteria are known for their ability to colonize and infect the skin and mucous membranes of various animals, including humans, cattle, horses, and cats. The genus was first described in 1945, and several species have since been identified, with Dermatófilos congolensis being the most commonly encountered and clinically significant.

Dermatófilos bacteria are facultative anaerobes and exhibit a characteristic morphology, forming branching hyphae that can fragment into coccoid or rod-shaped elements, often described as "short chains" or "elemental bodies." This unique morphology is crucial for their parasitic lifestyle. Transmission typically occurs through direct contact with infected animals or contaminated fomites, often facilitated by insect bites or wounds in the skin.

The clinical manifestations of dermatófilosis vary depending on the host species and the extent of infection. In animals, it commonly causes a dermatitis characterized by crusty lesions, particularly on the face, legs, and back. These lesions can be painful and may lead to secondary bacterial or fungal infections. In humans, dermatófilosis is less common but can result in a superficial skin infection that often resolves spontaneously. Diagnosis is usually made through microscopic examination of exudates or crusts, revealing the characteristic morphology of the bacteria, or through bacterial culture. Treatment involves topical or systemic antibiotics, and supportive care to manage secondary infections and promote healing.