dermatofytózy

Dermatophytosis, commonly known as ringworm, is a superficial fungal infection of the skin, hair, and nails caused by dermatophytes. These fungi are specialized to colonize and thrive on keratin, a protein found in these structures. Dermatophytes are ubiquitous in the environment, found in soil, on animals, and on contaminated surfaces. Transmission can occur through direct contact with an infected person, animal, or contaminated object. The clinical presentation of dermatophytosis varies depending on the affected body site. On the skin, it often appears as a circular, itchy rash with raised, scaly borders and central clearing, hence the name "ringworm." However, atypical presentations are also common. Infections of the scalp (tinea capitis) can cause hair loss and scaling, while nail infections (onychomycosis) lead to thickened, discolored, and brittle nails. Diagnosis is typically made through clinical examination, but confirmation can be achieved by microscopic examination of skin scrapings or fungal culture. Treatment usually involves topical antifungal medications for localized infections, while more extensive or severe cases may require oral antifungal agents. Prevention strategies include maintaining good personal hygiene, avoiding close contact with infected individuals or animals, and promptly treating infections to limit spread.