dermatofytoosit

Dermatofytoosit, or dermatophytosis, refers to fungal infections of the keratinized tissues of the skin, hair, and nails caused by dermatophyte fungi. The main causal genera are Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton. Infections occur when these fungi colonize the outer skin layers or the nail plate, often in warm, moist environments or through contact with an infected person, animal, or contaminated object.

Clinical forms vary by location. On the skin, tinea corporis presents as circular or oval, scaly patches with central clearing. Tinea cruris affects the groin and inner thighs, while tinea pedis involves the feet, commonly between the toes. Tinea capitis involves the scalp or hair-bearing areas and can cause hair loss. Onychomycosis refers to nail involvement and can be difficult to treat. Symptoms typically include itching, redness, and scaling.

Diagnosis is usually clinical but is confirmed by laboratory tests. Direct microscopic examination after potassium hydroxide preparation can reveal hyphae, and fungal culture can identify the species. In some settings, Wood’s lamp examination or molecular methods (PCR) may aid diagnosis.

Treatment depends on the site and extent of infection. Limited skin infections often respond to topical antifungals (for example, terbinafine, naftifine, or azoles) used for 1–4 weeks. Extensive disease or nail involvement generally requires systemic antifungals (such as terbinafine, itraconazole, or fluconazole) for several weeks to months. Adherence and monitoring for side effects are important. Recurrence is common due to persistent reservoirs in the environment or on pets, so preventive measures include keeping skin dry, not sharing personal items, regular foot hygiene, and treating infected pets when present.