depraved

Depraved is an English adjective used to describe actions, individuals, or dispositions that show pronounced moral corruption, especially when violence, cruelty, or gratuitous harm is involved. It conveys a strong negative judgment and is often considered subjective or value-laden.

The word derives from Latin depravatus, from de- meaning “down” or “away” and pravus meaning “crooked” or “perverse.” In English it appeared in the early modern period and has since been used to signal extreme moral disapproval beyond ordinary wrongdoing.

In law and journalism, depraved is commonly used to characterize conduct that goes beyond standard criminality—such as acts described as depraved or as arising from a depraved mind or depraved-heart murder in some jurisdictions. Its application can imply intentional cruelty or a reckless disregard for others. Because it is evaluative, its use often reflects the speaker’s or writer’s perspective and may invite debate about the appropriateness of the label.

Synonyms include corrupt, immoral, debased, vile, and monstrous; antonyms include virtuous, moral, righteous, and principled. The related noun forms are depravity and, less frequently, depravedness. In discussing fiction, history, or cultural critique, depraved may be used to analyze portrayals or events, but readers should consider the evidence and the potential for bias in labeling.

See also: morality, ethical judgment, criminal law terminology.