deontológiára

Deontológiára, often simply referred to as deontology, is an ethical theory that judges the morality of an action based on whether the action itself is right or wrong under a set of rules. It is a type of duty-based ethics. Unlike consequentialism, which determines the morality of an action by its outcome, deontology holds that some actions are intrinsically right or wrong regardless of their consequences.

Central to deontological thought is the concept of moral duty or obligation. Deontologists believe that individuals have certain duties that they are bound to uphold. These duties can stem from various sources, such as divine commands, natural law, or rational principles. A key figure in deontology is Immanuel Kant, whose categorical imperative provides a framework for determining moral duties. The categorical imperative suggests that one should act only according to that maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law.

In deontology, the adherence to rules and duties is paramount. For example, a deontologist would argue that lying is wrong, not because it might lead to negative consequences, but because it violates a moral rule against dishonesty. Similarly, keeping promises is a moral duty, irrespective of whether breaking the promise might seem beneficial in a particular situation. The focus is on the inherent rightness or wrongness of the act itself and the agent's intention to fulfill their moral obligations. This contrasts with ethical systems that prioritize the greatest good for the greatest number, as deontology may permit or even require actions that do not maximize overall happiness if those actions align with moral duties.