denting

Denting is the deformation of a solid surface caused by localized plastic deformation, producing a dent—an indentation or hollow in the surface. It most commonly affects metal surfaces such as automotive panels, aircraft skins, containers, and consumer goods, but can also occur in plastics and composites. Dents differ from scratches in that they involve displacement of material through yielding rather than removal along a line.

The dent forms when the stress from an impact or pressure exceeds the yield strength of the surrounding material, causing plastic flow in the affected region and a inward buckle of the surface. On coated surfaces, the protective layer may crack or chip, exposing the substrate and increasing the risk of corrosion. Dents can be round, oval, or elongated and may include creases or work-hardened rims around the indentation, sometimes with residual curvature on the surrounding area.

Common causes include hail, door dings, minor collisions, improper handling during transport, and manufacturing blemishes. In high-strength alloys, dents may occur with little visible surface cracking, yet the local integrity and fatigue characteristics can be affected if the coating or substrate is damaged.

Detection and assessment typically involve visual inspection and measurement of dent diameter and depth. Tools such as dent gauges, calipers, and 3D scanning devices are used to quantify severity and plan repair. In the automotive industry, dent severity is influenced by paint condition and the accessibility of the back side of the panel.

Repair and prevention strategies vary. Paintless dent repair uses specialized tools to push or pull the dent without repainting, suitable for intact paint and accessible interiors. Conventional repairs may require panel beating, filler, primer, and repainting. Preventive measures include protective films, careful handling, bumper guards, and design choices to reduce susceptibility to denting.