demandresponsive

Demandresponsive describes systems or services that adjust to user demand rather than following fixed schedules, routes, or plans. The term is used across multiple fields, including transportation, logistics, pricing, and energy management. In general, demandresponsive approaches rely on input from users to determine service parameters and allocate resources flexibly in response to actual demand patterns.

In transportation, demand-responsive transport (DRT) is a form of public or semi-public transit where trip requests drive routing and scheduling. Passengers request trips by phone, app, or web, and a central dispatcher or on-board device assigns a vehicle and plans a route that aims to minimize detours while meeting other requests. Vehicles are typically small, such as minibuses or vans, and services may operate as standalone routes or function as feeders to fixed-route networks, airports, or rail stations. DRT is commonly used in rural or peri-urban areas with low or dispersed demand, but it can also complement fixed-route services in urban settings to improve accessibility and flexibility.

Operations and technology for demandresponsive systems often rely on routing algorithms, real-time tracking, and centralized or distributed dispatch. Booking windows, maximum wait times, and service areas constrain performance. Equity considerations include ensuring accessibility for people with disabilities, seniors, and low-income riders, as well as fair distribution of service coverage across neighborhoods and times of day.

Benefits and challenges coexist: demandresponsive approaches can increase coverage, improve access, and maximize vehicle utilization, potentially reducing wasteful trips. However, they can entail higher cost per rider, greater scheduling complexity, variability in wait and travel times, and the need for robust data, governance, and funding to sustain service quality.