delírium

Delirium is a serious disturbance in mental abilities that results in confused thinking and decreased awareness of one's surroundings. It is typically a sudden and severe change in mental status and can fluctuate throughout the day. Delirium is not a disease itself but rather a syndrome that has an underlying cause. Common symptoms include difficulty concentrating, incoherent speech, disorientation, hallucinations, and agitation or withdrawal. It often develops over hours to days and can be temporary.

Several factors can contribute to the development of delirium. These include severe illness, infections, dehydration, certain medications, surgery, substance withdrawal, or poisoning. Older adults are particularly susceptible, especially those with pre-existing cognitive impairments or multiple medical conditions. The diagnosis of delirium involves a medical history, physical examination, and cognitive assessments.

Treatment for delirium focuses on identifying and addressing the underlying cause. This may involve adjusting medications, treating infections, correcting electrolyte imbalances, or managing pain. Supportive care, such as ensuring adequate hydration, nutrition, and a calm environment, is also crucial. In many cases, delirium can be reversed with prompt and appropriate medical intervention. However, in some instances, it can lead to longer-term cognitive deficits or have a significant impact on recovery from illness.