defibrillatorAED

A defibrillator, commonly referred to in public settings as an automated external defibrillator (AED), is a medical device designed to restore a viable heart rhythm in cases of sudden cardiac arrest by delivering an electric shock to the heart. AEDs are engineered for use by laypersons and first responders, with automated rhythm analysis and voice or visual prompts that guide the user through the process.

Devices range from fully automated units that administer a shock without user intervention to semi-automatic models that advise a shock and require the operator to initiate it. Components typically include adhesive electrode pads, a battery, an electronic control unit, and software that analyzes cardiac rhythms and determines whether defibrillation is indicated. Internal and external defibrillators also exist, including manual hospital defibrillators and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators for chronic management.

Clinical indications for defibrillation are generally pulseless arrhythmias such as ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia. Timely defibrillation, combined with cardiopulmonary resuscitation, significantly increases the chance of survival from sudden cardiac arrest. Public access defibrillation programs place AEDs in airports, schools, and other community locations to reduce response times.

AEDs require regular maintenance, pad replacement, and battery checks to remain operational. Training in AED use and basic life support improves effectiveness, though many jurisdictions protect good-faith rescuers through Good Samaritan laws. Limitations include inability to treat non-shockable rhythms and potential contraindications in certain clinical contexts.