defectlocalized
Defect localization is the spatial confinement of electronic, vibrational, or other excitations around lattice defects within crystalline materials. It encompasses localization of electronic states in the band gap due to impurities or structural disruptions, as well as localized vibrational modes tied to defects.
Electronic localization: In semiconductors and insulators, point defects such as vacancies, interstitials, and substitutional impurities introduce
Vibrational localization: Defects can create local phonon modes whose frequencies lie outside the bulk phonon spectrum.
Modeling and measurement: First-principles methods (density functional theory) and tight-binding approaches are used to calculate defect
Applications: Understanding defect localization is important for semiconductor device performance, radiation-hard materials, and quantum technologies. Certain