davening

Davening is a term used in Ashkenazi Jewish communities to describe the act of praying, especially the structured, liturgical prayer services observed daily and on holidays. The word is Yiddish in origin, and in English usage refers to the act of praying, often expressed with the verb “to daven.” The practice encompasses individual devotion as well as communal worship.

Most Jewish communities observe three daily services: Shacharit in the morning, Mincha in the afternoon, and Maariv in the evening. The core of the service is the Amidah, also known as the Shemoneh Esrei, recited silently by individuals and, in many settings, repeated aloud by a leader for the congregation. The service also includes the Shema, Psalms, and various blessings. On special days, additional prayers are added, and on Shabbat and festivals there are extended portions, including special liturgies and, in many communities, the reading of the Torah.

Language and practice vary by tradition. Davening is usually conducted in Hebrew, with translations or transliterations available for learners. Some communities incorporate vernacular prayers or commentary. Etiquette emphasizes kavana, or intentional focus; posture and decorum often guide the experience, and the use of ritual garments varies by tradition—tefillin and tallit are common in many Orthodox services for men during morning prayer, while participation by women and the use of such garments differ in Conservative, Reform, and other movements.

Davening serves as a central ritual in Jewish religious life, supporting communal connection, personal supplication, and regular engagement with liturgical texts.