dalmatian

The Dalmatian is a medium-to-large dog breed that originated in the Dalmatia region of the Adriatic Sea, in what is now Croatia. It is best known for its white coat accented by black or liver-colored spots.

The breed has a lean, athletic build, a long muzzle, and a short, dense coat. Puppies are born white and develop their spots within a few weeks to months; spots remain throughout life.

Dalmatians are intelligent, energetic, and independent. They require regular, vigorous exercise and mental stimulation. They can be reserved with strangers and need confident training and socialization from an early age.

Historically used as carriage dogs and guard dogs in Europe, they ran alongside horse-drawn coaches and later served as firehouse mascots and responders in several countries. In modern times they are kept as active companion dogs.

The breed is prone to congenital deafness and to urinary tract stones due to high levels of uric acid in urine. Regular water intake, a suitable diet, and veterinary screening help manage these issues. They shed year-round.

Most Dalmatian live 12 to 14 years. They need daily exercise and mental stimulation, regular grooming, and ongoing training. With proper care they can adapt to family life and enjoy many dog sports.