firehouse

A firehouse, also called a fire station, is a building or set of buildings that houses firefighting apparatus and personnel. It serves as the base of operations for a fire department and often includes living quarters, training facilities, and maintenance spaces. Firehouses are located in towns and cities around the world and vary in size from single-bay volunteer stations to large, multi-bay urban complexes.

Historically, organized firefighting emerged in cities in the 17th to 19th centuries, evolving from volunteer crews to professional departments. Early stations housed hand-drawn engines; modern ones house motorized fire engines, ladder trucks, and specialized vehicles. Stations have adapted to improve response times, safety, and survivability of crews.

Staffing varies by system: career firefighters employed full-time, volunteers who respond to calls, or combinations. In many regions, crews operate on defined shifts and are trained in fire suppression, emergency medical care, rescue, hazmat, and firefighting tactics. Some stations also function as training and administrative hubs.

Equipment typically includes fire engines or pumpers, aerial or ladder trucks, rescue units, and support vehicles. Firehouses store gear in gear rooms, dry or wet hose towers, and have bays for apparatus. Firefighters use a watch room or incident command post during operations and maintain equipment readiness through regular drills and maintenance.

Architecture and design emphasize rapid access and crew safety. Modern stations incorporate dry-hydrant connections, vehicle exhaust containment, noise reduction, energy efficiency, and sometimes on-site training facilities. Beyond emergencies, firehouses may host public education programs, open houses, and community safety events.