cysty

Cysts are closed, sac-like structures that can be filled with fluid, air, or other material. They may form anywhere in the body and range in size from microscopic to several centimeters. Most cysts are benign and do not invade nearby tissues, but they can cause symptoms or complications depending on their location and contents.

Cysts arise through various mechanisms, including obstruction of ducts, developmental abnormalities, inflammation, infection, trauma, or accumulation of secretions. They are usually lined by epithelium or specialized tissue and contain a distinct fluid or semi-solid material. Classification often distinguishes simple (thin-walled, fluid-filled) from complex cysts (thick walls, septations, or solid components).

Common examples include ovarian cysts, renal (kidney) cysts, liver cysts, pancreatic cysts, and sebaceous (epidermoid) cysts of the skin. Functional ovarian cysts typically resolve on their own; renal and liver cysts are often discovered incidentally during imaging. Some cysts require evaluation for infection, rupture, or malignancy, especially if features are atypical.

Diagnosis relies on imaging such as ultrasound, with CT or MRI as needed. Fluid analysis or biopsy may be used in uncertain cases. Treatment ranges from observation to drainage, sclerotherapy, or surgical removal, dictated by size, symptoms, risk of complications, and the cyst’s location. Prognosis is generally favorable for simple, uncomplicated cysts.

Note: In Polish medical terminology, cysty is the plural form of cyst (cysta).