curtainwall

A curtain wall is an exterior building facade that is non-structural and typically hung from a building’s structural frame. It is designed to resist wind loads and weather while transferring only its own weight to the primary structure, allowing the façade to be independent of structural loads. Curtain walls are usually composed of lightweight materials such as an aluminum or steel framing system with glass or panel infill, enabling large glazed areas and abundant daylight.

Common configurations include stick-built systems installed on site and unitized systems where large prefabricated panels are attached to the frame. The core components are mullions (vertical framing members), transoms (horizontal members), glass or panel infill, anchors and ties to the structure, gaskets, and sealants. The system is designed to accommodate thermal movement and moisture control, and it often includes drainage channels and flashing to manage water infiltration.

Performance options include insulated glass units, low-emissivity coatings, solar control films, and sometimes spandrel panels that conceal floors’ mechanicals. Double-skin curtain walls insert an intermediate air cavity for added thermal performance and acoustic control. Materials may extend beyond glass and aluminum to include stone, metal panels, or composite cladding, depending on architectural intent.

Installation and maintenance focus on weatherproofing, airtightness, and long-term durability. Curtain walls are engineered to meet local wind and thermal performance codes and require careful detailing at edges, joints, and connections to the structure. While aesthetically versatile, they can entail higher initial cost and ongoing maintenance compared with traditional punched walls.