cuon

Cuon is a genus of canids that contains a single living species, Cuon alpinus, commonly known as the dhole or Asian wild dog. It is native to parts of South and Southeast Asia, with a fragmented range that spans countries such as India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, and southern China. Dholes favor forested or scrubland habitats but are adaptable to a variety of open and semi-open landscapes.

Dholes are medium-sized canids with a slender build. They typically weigh around 11 to 18 kilograms, have a broad head, rounded ears, and a reddish-buff to tan coat with a darker dorsal stripe and a lighter underbelly. The tail often ends in a black tip. Their dentition and structure suit their specialized, cooperative hunting style.

Ecology and behavior are notable for social complexity. Dholes live in highly coordinated packs that can range from a few individuals to over a dozen, and occasionally much larger in prey-rich areas. They hunt cooperatively to pursue a variety of medium to large ungulates, such as deer and wild boar, and they are known for sustained, agile chases. Vocalizations include a variety of calls, including whistles and chuffs, which aid in coordination during hunts and social interaction. Reproduction typically occurs within the clan, with pups cared for collectively by pack members.

Cuon alpinus is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List. Threats include habitat loss, depletion of prey, fragmentation of ranges, and disease transmission from domestic dogs, as well as human-wildlife conflict. Conservation emphasis is on protecting habitat, safeguarding prey populations, and maintaining ecological corridors to connect isolated populations.