crabeater

The crabeater seal (Lobodon carcinophaga) is a true seal native to the Antarctic and subantarctic regions. Despite its name, its diet is dominated by krill, and it is one of the most abundant seal species in the world. It is classified as Least Concern by the IUCN, reflecting its large population and wide distribution, though climate change and changes in krill abundance pose potential future risks.

Taxonomy and name: The species belongs to the family Phocidae, in the genus Lobodon. Its species epithet carcinophaga means “crab-eater,” a historical reference to crustacean feeding, though krill is the principal prey.

Distribution and habitat: Crabeater seals are found around the coastlines of Antarctica and on surrounding pack ice and subantarctic islands. They haul out on ice to rest, breed, and molt, while foraging at sea. They are well adapted to cold water and variable ice conditions.

Diet and feeding: The seal’s dentition is specialized for filter feeding. Numerous small, comb-like teeth help sieve krill from the water as the animal closes its mouth and expels water through the teeth. While krill comprises the core diet, opportunistic feeding on small fish or other crustaceans can occur, depending on prey availability.

Biology and behavior: Crabeater seals are proficient divers, commonly foraging at depths during extended dives and returning to the surface for air. They breed on sea ice, with pups born in the austral spring. Pups are nursed for several weeks on rich milk and rapidly gain weight before weaning.

Conservation: While currently not threatened, the species could be affected by declines in sea ice and krill due to climate change and fishing pressures. Protective measures and ecosystem management in the Southern Ocean help mitigate potential impacts.