courting

Courting is the social process by which two people attempt to determine whether to enter into a long-term, usually marital, relationship. Traditionally it involves a formal approach to a potential partner and, in many societies, the involvement or approval of families and communities. Courting differs from casual dating in its emphasis on long-term compatibility and commitment rather than immediate romantic amusement or fleeting encounters.

Historically, courting developed in Western Europe and North America from the 18th century through the early 20th century. Formal etiquette shaped interactions, often including chaperones, supervised visits, and explicit expectations about virtue, propriety, and social and financial compatibility. Proposals and engagements followed the courting phase, with marriage commonly presenting the ultimate goal and outcome.

In contemporary usage, courting can refer to a more intentional, marriage-oriented approach to relationships, though the term is less common in everyday speech in many regions. Variations persist: in some cultures or religious communities, courtship remains a structured process with defined rules, timelines, and family oversight; in others, dating has largely replaced formal courting, though individuals may still pursue marriage with similar intents.

Courting etiquette typically emphasizes respectful communication, consent, and boundaries, alongside considerations of family involvement, financial prudence, and the pace of the relationship. The specifics vary widely across cultures, social classes, and historical periods, reflecting broader changes in gender roles, autonomy, and social norms.