cosmologías

Cosmology is the scientific study of the origin, evolution, and structure of the universe. The plural cosmologies can also refer to the diverse worldviews or philosophical systems through which different cultures conceptualize the cosmos. Scientific cosmology combines astronomy, physics, and mathematics to develop models that explain observations such as cosmic expansion, the cosmic microwave background, nucleosynthesis, and the large-scale distribution of matter.

Historically, cosmology has undergone major shifts: ancient geocentric models; the Copernican heliocentric revolution; Newtonian gravity; general relativity; and the modern standard model of cosmology, Lambda-CDM, which describes a universe dominated by dark matter and dark energy across an expanding spacetime. Observational pillars include redshift measurements, the cosmic microwave background spectrum, Type Ia supernovae, baryon acoustic oscillations, and gravitational lensing.

In addition to scientific cosmology, cosmologies also encompass religious, mythological, and philosophical worldviews that offer explanations of creation, fate, and purpose, often integrated with ethics and social norms. These culturally embedded cosmologies influence literature, art, and ritual, and they are studied in anthropology, theology, and history of science.

Current research addresses open questions about the nature of dark matter and dark energy, the physics of the early universe (inflation), the exact components and geometry of spacetime, and what the ultimate fate of the universe may be. Cosmology remains a dynamic field at the intersection of observation, theory, and interpretation of the cosmos.