cosmea

Cosmea, also written cosmea in some horticultural sources, refers to the flowering plant genus Cosmos in the family Asteraceae. Native to the Americas, particularly Mexico and parts of Central and South America, cosmos has become widely cultivated around the world for ornamental use.

Two species dominate cultivation: Cosmos bipinnatus, known as garden cosmos or Mexican aster, which has finely divided, feathery foliage and slender stems bearing large, daisy-like flowers in shades of white, pink, and purple; and Cosmos sulphureus, or orange cosmos, with a bolder, more upright habit and flowers in orange or yellow. A range of cultivars and hybrids extends the color palette and plant size, including dwarf and tall forms.

Cosmos are annuals in temperate zones and perennials in warm tropical climates. They prefer full sun and well-drained soil; they tolerate moderate drought but dislike waterlogged conditions. They can be grown from seed started indoors or sown directly where they will mature; spacing depends on cultivar, typically 30 to 60 cm apart. Deadheading can prolong flowering.

Ecologically, cosmos attract bees, butterflies, and other pollinators. They are valued as cut flowers for their long stems and long-lasting bloom. Common pests include aphids and spider mites, and powdery mildew can occur in humid conditions.

Cosmos atrosanguineus, commonly called chocolate cosmos, is a well-known cultivated hybrid producing dark maroon blossoms and a chocolate aroma; it is sterile in cultivation and propagated vegetatively. The name cosmos derives from Greek kosmos, meaning “order” or “universe,” a nod to the orderly arrangement of the composite flowers.