constitucionalisme
Constitutionalism, sometimes rendered as constitucionalisme in some languages, is the doctrine and practice that governmental authority is limited by a constitution that sets the powers of the state, defines its institutions, and protects fundamental rights. It is grounded in the rule of law, the separation of powers, and checks and balances designed to prevent the abuse of power and to provide avenues for accountability and redress. Constitutionalism can be codified in a written constitution or embedded in an unwritten system of legal norms and conventions; in either form, it asserts that rulers derive legitimacy from the constitution and are subject to it.
Constitutions typically allocate powers among branches, establish mechanisms for representation and policymaking, and enumerate civil liberties.
Historically, constitutionalism emerged from medieval limits on sovereign power, matured in the early modern period (for