computerized

Computerized describes processes, devices, or systems that rely on computers to perform functions, store data, and control operations. It denotes the transition from manual or analog methods to software-driven workflows. Computerization aims to increase efficiency, accuracy, and consistency across activities.

In practice, computerized solutions appear across many sectors. Common examples include embedded controllers in consumer electronics, programmable logic controllers (PLCs) in manufacturing, enterprise resource planning and accounting software in business, and electronic health records in healthcare.

The concept emerged with the widespread adoption of electronic computers in the mid-20th century and expanded through successive waves of automation. Early computerization focused on data processing and clerical tasks, while later developments introduced automated production lines, SCADA and control systems, and broad-based digital information systems. In recent decades, cloud computing, data analytics, and artificial intelligence have further extended computerization into decision support and autonomous operation.

Benefits include faster processing, lower error rates, improved traceability, and scalable operations. Potential drawbacks include cybersecurity risks, system failures, vendor lock-in, interoperability challenges, and job displacement in some sectors.

Examples of computerized systems include hospital information systems, computerized accounting and payroll, airline reservation systems, and automated manufacturing lines as well as smart home devices and consumer electronics with embedded software.

See also: automation, digitization, computerization.